Global Crime Drug Trafficking

Questions: 1.Do you see terrorism as a global crime or a local attack? Why/ not?2.What are some of the patterns you can see in drug trafficking and the drug trade? If you had to choose between policing origin or destination which one do you think is more effective?3.What are some challenges that global crime raises for traditional nation-based police organizations? Answers: 1. Yes, Terrorism is seen as a global crime instead of a local attack. The 21st century has witnessed an increase in the occurrence of failed and failing state due to increase in the act of global and domestic terrorism. Terrorism is a transnational crime. It is a challenge for the government of every country to adopt a common approach in order to treat terrorism as a global issue. It requires special attention from international bodies to look into the matter by prevention of terrorism and sanction of common perpetrating act against terrorism (Galeotti, 2014). The event of 11 September 2001 have provided with an opportunity to the international bodies to consider terrorism as a global issue. International entities like International Criminal Police Organization has reported terrorism as a global crime and asked governments of different countries to fight against it with unity. It is hence a part of universal responsibility of nations to deal with Terrorism with proper measures to pr osecute the terrorists by forming an international forum. At present there are 13 international conventions or protocols that prohibit a particular act of terrorism. These agreements are formed and kept under the backing of the United Nation. They stand as an expressed will of the world community (Taylor, Fritsch Liederbach, 2014). It is a clear fact that the Terrorists act outside the boundaries of law although the current absence in clear definition of terrorism is causing a sheer hindrance in meeting the issues. This is causing a problem for the international organizations to deter terrorist and other likeminded people. Lack of coherent international legal regime is creating an environment in which the terrorist act as seeming impunity. The international community has failed to create an appropriate judicial body in order to meet the current situation (Biersteker Eckert,2007). There is vagueness in defined central authority to impose sanctions and to determine the punishment for violating authority. International bodies have accepted that individual and group of people are liable for the breach of law. At present moment due to an increase in role of non-state actors countries across globe are facing issue of terrorism. As per the current state of international law it is clear that the wide range of act of t errorism is internationally prohibited. However due to absence of a single international governing authority the problem of implementing law and order has gained international attention. The solution to the problem is necessary to be enforced as per the current situation else it will lead to further trouble. With an acceptance of a common definition across globe it will become necessary to grant jurisdiction over terrorism (Weinberg, 2009). Recent time has seen an increase in globalized crime with a rising rate of illicit activities taking place around the world. If the threat of non-state actors and terrorists persistently increases, this is creating a demand for greater international cooperation and more coordinated legislation to control the current situation. Hence it is a proven fact that terrorism has become an international crime and requires coordinated efforts to keep away from actions that will direct to supplementary radicalization and stimulate terrorism (Lutz Lutz, 201 3). 2. Recent time has seemed a rising evolution in universal business of trafficking and trading of illicit drugs. Strangely the business is based parallel to the everyday legal business and consistently following the rules of trade and commerce. Illegal drugs requires proper sourcing of raw material, processing and manufacturing unit, packaging, marketing and distribution channels. The irregularity of the product eradicates the red tape which ties usual commodities and services for weeks or months prior to realization of a financial return for the industry or sponsor. Drug trafficking business is keeping a pace with the legal business to keep ahead in the competition. They are attempting to expand market against competitors in order to exist in the market (Astorga Shirk, 2010). The common thread visible in drug trafficking is an attempt to create a market for nave impressionable young people who has a high disposable income. The drug trade has been showcasing an extreme situation wher e the poorest country in the world produces the drugs and the richest country is constantly consuming it. Australia ranks among the number one consumer of drugs in the world with the largest offshore manufactured drugs. It is a common practice followed by the poor countries to grow drug plants in order to feed their families. With a lot of plants growing across the world closure of fewer plants have a little impact on the flow of drugs (Bagley, 2012). One of the latest and victorious campaigns against drug trafficking was Operation Blue Amber The campaign included 28 European Union member states, 31 non-European Union countries and other global partners. In May and June 2015 resulted in 900 arrest related to drugs trafficking, 5 Tonnes seizure of cocaine, 2.1 tonnes seizure of cannabis and 82 kgs seizure of heroin. The operation was coordinated by Europol and various other international organizations. The choice related to origin or source represents the two extremes of drug trade. The effectiveness can be gained through the contribution of wealthy states. Mainly the pattern can be seen that the drugs are flowing from a less developed country to a developed country. Cocaine, heroin produced in Afghanistan is supplied to Pakistan and goes directly to East Africa. From East Africa the drugs are exported to Latin America, USA and Western Europe. Suppliers are using longer routes to export drugs in developed countries to avoid security issues. Drugs are majorly supplied through sea in order to reduce cost. It is necessary to control drug trafficking in order to bring welfare in the society. It is necessary for the international bodies to control drug trafficking through governing body to take on a specific approach (Wyler Cook,2011). The low-income zone needs to keep a check on Policing origin because it is quite dangerous to manage or govern drug suppliers of that place. Moreover at a high-income zone it is difficult to control rich people. Drugs are approaching inside every country through different zones and system. Governing authorities are finding difficulty to keep a check over the arrival of drugs through different zones. Hence Destination is measured as effective strategies to control drugs trafficking. More appropriately it is necessary to Control an export to countries like Latin America, Europe and America. The money generated from these zones is helping low-income countries to build their infrastructure (Reuter, 2009). 3. The propensity of criminal across the border is increasing putting a great threat on the national integrity. The purpose behind establishing borders is to delineate the jurisdiction claimed by different states. Crossing the national border is considered to be a criminal offence. Yet in spite of a control over the events and strong evidence transnational crimes have become a threat in recent time. The distinguished feature of a modern civilization is to utilize government institution to intervene at the time of conflict. The primary goal of a state is to control to control violence and destruction taking place in the society. there purpose it to protect the weak from victimization .Secondly the major goal of state justice is to serve each society's own leading principles and traditions in the supervision of "justice". Every individual society has its own enforcement style and precedence of its own laws (White,2011). The amount of global crime has gone up imposing a huge challenge on states to counter terrorism framework. The terrorist attacks occurring at different places have a wide impact on every country. The various obstacles involved in managing the global crime is through shared perception of a serious crime threat. It needs to keep a check on how a global incidence related to crime can affect the peace in Australia. There is a need to form partnership-based services that are intelligence-driven mechanism to draw in the notion of a pre-crime society where future crime is a major constituent to national security. The change of the pre-crime structure into the counter terrorism is characterized by calculation, risk and uncertainty (McCulloch Pickering,2009). Intelligence is considered as an important measure to recognize as add on to the activity that will bring a range of in sequence information having no correlation to criminal activity. These activities have a possibility for world citizens to undergo exploitation due to surveillance. It has become necessary to understand the challenges imposed by the various authorities across border to control the rate of crime across border. According to an investigation conducted by the Washington Post it took an investigation which revealed that over 1200 government organization and 1900 private organization are working in coordination to counter terrorism and other security related issues. This has increased the growing risk of blurring the lines in between the investigation and the evidence while ensuring the quality of information to be correct. The nation based police organization is facing problems while managing issues while integrating the nation security. Counter terrorism is a global cri me that is highly visible and needs fast redressed(Crawford Evans,2016). References Astorga, L., Shirk, D. A. (2010). Drug trafficking organizations and counter-drug strategies in the US-Mexican context.Center for US-Mexican Studies. Bagley, B. (2012). Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime in the Americas. Woodrow Wilson Center Update of the Americas. Biersteker, T. J., Eckert, S. E. (Eds.). (2007). 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